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In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to a parliament or assembly, with the exception of European Parliament constituencies which are multi member constituencies. Within the United Kingdom there are five bodies with members elected by electoral districts called "constituencies" as opposed to "wards": * The House of Commons (see ''United Kingdom Parliament constituencies'') * The Scottish Parliament (see ''Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions'') * The Northern Ireland Assembly (see ''Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies'') * The National Assembly for Wales (see ''National Assembly for Wales constituencies and electoral regions'') * The London Assembly (see ''London Assembly constituencies'') Between 1921 and 1973 the following body also included members elected by constituencies: * The Parliament of Northern Ireland (see ''List of Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies'') Electoral areas called constituencies are also used in elections to the European Parliament. (See ''European Parliament constituencies''.) In local government elections (other than for the London Assembly) electoral areas are called wards or electoral divisions. == County constituencies and borough constituencies == House of Commons, Northern Ireland Assembly, Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly constituencies are designated as either ''county'' or ''borough'' constituencies, except that in Scotland the term ''burgh'' is used instead of ''borough''. Since the advent of universal suffrage, the differences between county and borough constituencies are slight. Formerly (see below) the franchise differed, and there were also ''county borough'' and ''university'' constituencies. Borough constituencies are predominantly urban while county constituencies are predominantly rural. There is no definitive statutory criterion for the distinction; the Boundary Commission for England has stated that, "as a general principle, where constituencies contain more than a small rural element they should normally be designated as county constituencies. Otherwise they should be designated as borough constituencies." The returning officer will typically be a local Council's Chief Executive or Head of Legal Services. The role, however, is separate from these posts, and can be held by any person appointed by the Council. The spending limits for election campaigns are different in the two, the reasoning being that candidates in county constituencies tend to need to travel further. For by-elections to any of these bodies, the limit in all constituencies is £100,000. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Kingdom constituencies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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